Free Essays on I Wish I Could Let You Know

Free Essays on I Wish I Could Let You Know I wish I could tell you the amount I love u so to impart these inclination to u so u can say u love me to yet, I cant as should be obvious for u don't have a place with me another person touches u they do the things I long to do so I wish I may I wish I may be the one u hold this evening... <input type=submit class=button orange value=Read the Full Version onclick=window.location = 'https://www.free-school essays.com/signup.html'; return bogus;/>

Preeclampsia Case Study

At 0600 Jennie is brought to the Labor and Delivery triage territory by her sister. The customer whines of a beating cerebral pain throughout the previous 12 hours unrelieved by acetaminophen (Tylenol), swollen hands and face for 2 days, and epigastric torment depicted as terrible acid reflux. Her sister tells the attendant, â€Å"I felt like that when I had toxemia during my pregnancy. † Admission appraisal by the medical caretaker uncovers: the present weight 182 pounds, T 99. 1â ° F, P 76, R 22, BP 138/88, 4+ pitting edema, and 3+ protein in the pee. Pulse is customary, and lung sounds are clear.Deep ligament reflexes (DTRs) are 3+ biceps and triceps and 4+ patellar with 1 beat of lower leg clonus. The medical attendant applies the outer fetal screen, which shows a gauge fetal pulse of 130, missing changeability, positive for increasing speeds, no decelerations, and no compressions. The attendant likewise plays out a vaginal assessment and finds that the cervix is 1 cm enl arged and half destroyed, with the fetal head at a - 2 station. 1. In surveying Jennie's history, the medical caretaker is right in reasoning that Jennie is in peril of building up a hypertensive issue due to her age (15).Which different elements add to Jennie's danger of creating preeclampsia? A) Molar pregnancy, history of preeclampsia in past pregnancy. Mistaken While these are chance elements for preeclampsia, Jennie has no signs of a molar pregnancy (first trimester vaginal dying, size/date error, or extreme sickness and heaving), nor has she had any past pregnancies (gravida 1). B) Gravidity, familial history. Right Jennie is under 17 years old, is pregnant for the first run through, and has a sister with a background marked by toxemia, which is an old term for preeclampsia that a few customers may even now use.C) History of beating cerebral pain, low financial status. Erroneous While age and low financial status (SES) are chance factors, Jennie's SES is obscure. A beati ng cerebral pain is an indication, not a hazard factor. D) Low financial status (SES), history of pedal edema. Off base Although age and low SES are hazard factors, this current customer's SES is obscure. Pedal edema is regular in pregnancy following 32-weeks. 2. To precisely evaluate this current customer's condition, what data from the pre-birth record is generally significant for the medical caretaker to get? A) Pattern and number of pre-birth visits. INCORRECTIt is critical to have early and reliable pre-birth care, however this data won't help in the evaluation of this present customer's condition. B) Prenatal circulatory strain readings. Right The customer's BP (138/88) is beneath the rule that demonstrates gentle preeclampsia. Pulse parameters for gentle preeclampsia incorporate a perusing of 140/90 taken on two events 6 hours separated. Notwithstanding, Jennie's perusing is noteworthy on the off chance that it is an expansion of 30 mm systolic or 15 mm diastolic from h er pre-birth levels, especially in mix with proteinuria and hyperuricemia (uric corrosive of 6 mg/dl or more).Blood pressure as a rule continues as before during the principal trimester. Both systolic and diastolic at that point decline steadily as long as 20-weeks incubation. At 20 weeks of development, the circulatory strain starts to bit by bit increment and come back to first trimester levels at term. C) Prepregnancy weight. Wrong The medical attendant should contrast the present load with Jennie's most as of late got past weight, not to the prepregnancy weight. A weight addition of ;2 pounds for each week is characteristic of gentle preeclampsia. D) Jennie's Rh factor. INCORRECTWhile the Rh factor of the mother is significant in deciding the requirement for prophylactic Rh resistant globulin (RhoGAM) at 28-weeks and after birth, it isn't the most significant data as of now. All Rh negative ladies with negative Coomb's tests are given RhoGam prophylactically at 28-weeks, and afterward assessed following birth to decide whether another portion of RhoGam is required. Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia There is no complete reason for preeclampsia, however the pathophysiology is particular. The principle pathogenic factor is poor perfusion because of arteriolar vasospasm.Function in organs, for example, the placenta, liver, cerebrum, and kidneys can be discouraged as much as 40 to 60%. As liquid moves out of the intravascular compartment, a diminishing in plasma volume and ensuing increment in hematocrit is seen. The edema of preeclampsia is summed up. For all intents and purposes all organ frameworks are influenced by this illness, and the mother and baby endure expanding hazard as the infection advances. Preeclampsia creates following 20 weeks incubation in a formerly normotensive lady. Raised pulse is habitually the primary indication of preeclampsia.The customer additionally creates proteinuria. While not, at this point thought about an indicative estimat ion of preeclampsia, summed up edema of the face, hands, and mid-region that isn't receptive to 12 hours of bedrest is frequently present. Preeclampsia advances along a continuum from mellow to serious preeclampsia, HELLP disorder, or eclampsia. A customer may present to the work unit anyplace along that continuum. 3. What is the pathophysiology answerable for Jennie's objection of a beating migraine and the raised DTRs? A) Cerebral edema. CORRECTAs liquid breaks into the extravascular spaces, organ edema just as fringe edema happens. This, related to cortical mind fits, causes cerebral pain, expanded profound ligament reflexes, and clonus. B) Increased perfusion to the cerebrum. Off base The hypovolemia that goes with preeclampsia diminishes perfusion to the significant organs. C) Severe uneasiness. Off base While Jennie might be on edge, this isn't the pathophysiology included. D) Retinal arteriolar fits. Off base These fits are the reason for obscured vision and scotoma t hat frequently go with compounding of the disease.Jennie's sister is worried about the expanding (edema) in her sister's face and hands since it is by all accounts exacerbating quickly. She inquires as to whether the medicinal services supplier will recommend some of â€Å"those water pills† (diuretics) to help dispose of the abundance liquid. 4. Which reaction by the medical caretaker is right? A) â€Å"That is an awesome thought. I will hand-off it to the social insurance supplier when I call. † INCORRECT Although it is minding to offer to transfer family worries to the medicinal services supplier, the doctor will settle on the choice on treatment.B) â€Å"I'm sorry, yet it isn't the family's place to make recommendations about clinical treatment. † INCORRECT While it isn't inappropiate for relatives to make proposals, this answer isn't delicate to the sister's longing to help Jennie. C) â€Å"Let me disclose to you about the impact of diuretics on preg nancy. † CORRECT The sister may have seen diuretics utilized for treating liquid maintenance previously (for instance, in cardiovascular malady), yet may not know about how diuretics influence pregnancy. Diuretics decline blood stream to the placenta by diminishing blood volume.In the instance of the preeclamptic customer, this is especially perilous on the grounds that the illness has just caused a volume shortfall. What's more, the diuretics upset ordinary electrolyte parity and stress kidneys that are as of now undermined by preeclampsia. The main time they are utilized is if the preeclamptic customer additionally has cardiovascular breakdown, yet this customer has no side effects of cardiovascular breakdown. D) â€Å"Have you by any possibility given your sister water pills that have a place with another person? † INCORRECT This could be interpreted as threatening and accusatory.If the attendant accepts further evaluation is justified, the medical caretaker ought to get some information about any drug she has taken. Admission to the Labor and Delivery Unit At 0630 the medical caretaker calls to answer to the social insurance supplier, who recommends the accompanying: confess to work and conveyance, bedrest with restroom benefits (BRP), IV D5LR at 125 ml/hr, CBC with platelets, coagulating considers, liver chemicals, science board, 24-hour pee assortment for protein and uric corrosive, ice chips just by mouth, nonstress test, hourly fundamental signs, and DTRs. 5.While anticipating the lab results, which nursing intercession has the most noteworthy need? A) Teach Jennie the reason for bedrest. Wrong While this is significant, it doesn't have the most noteworthy need. B) Monitor Jennie for indications of lack of hydration. Off base This is significant in light of the fact that the customer is limited to ice chips just and may as of now be hypovolemic. Be that as it may, it isn't the most noteworthy need. C) Educate the customer about die tary limitations. Wrong Since Jennie is right now taking ice chips just, this isn't the most significant mediation as of now. D) Observe Jennie for CNS changes.CORRECT Central Nervous System (CNS) changes, for example, extreme migraine, obscured vision, scotoma (spots before eyes), and photophobia show a declining condition. 6. Which procedure should the medical caretaker use while assessing Jennie's circulatory strain while she is on bedrest? A) Have Jennie lay prostrate and take the circulatory strain on the left arm. Mistaken The pregnant customer ought not lie in the prostrate position since it puts her in danger for vena cava pressure and ensuing recumbent hypotensive disorder. B) Have Jennie lie in a parallel position and take the circulatory strain on the ward arm.CORRECT The sidelong position underpins placental perfusion. The lower (subordinate) arm ought to be situated so the customer isn't lying on it, and the circulatory strain ought to be taken in that arm. This a ll the more intently approximates blood vessel pressure. Utilizing the arm on the inverse (upper) side will erroneously decrease the estimation. C) Have the customer sit in a seat at the bedside, and take the pulse with her left arm at midriff level. Wrong While sitting is a fitting position, the arm ought to lay on a surface on a basic level level.In expansion, Jennie is on bedrest with washroom benefits, which does exclude sitting up in a seat. D) Have Jennie stand quickly and take the circulatory strain on the correct arm. Mistaken A standing bloo

In the Long Tail

In the Long Tail In the Long Tail In the Long Tail By Maeve Maddox You specialists in SEO out there will snicker, yet I had never heard the articulation in the long tail until I went over this sentence on a site committed to that subject: New and significant substance is turning out to be increasingly more essential to SEO and building up rankings, both for cash terms and in the long tail. My prompt response was to inquire as to whether the author had been going after the articulation over the long haul. In any case, that sentence is trailed by this: It might be anything but difficult to tell individuals [to create new substance on a day by day basis], yet over the long haul, composing an article or blog entry ordinary [sic] can be tiring Plainly the essayist knows about the articulation over the long haul, so what am I missing? As indicated by PCMag.com, long tail is [t]he potential for online retailers to get more cash-flow than their blocks and mortar partners Theres even a book by Chris Anderson, supervisor in-head of Wired Magazine, called The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More (2006). Those of you who see such things can go to the Wikipedia article for a progressively point by point clarification. Wikipedia Long Tail Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:25 Subordinating Conjunctions25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)Charles' Pen and Jesus' Name

Different Technology Tools Which Are Required By Different Cultures - 2200 Words

Different Technology Tools Which Are Required By Different Cultures (Coursework Sample) Content: Technology and Culture Name: Institution: A culture’s belief is one of the major difference in the usage of technology. Technology provides tools and different tools are required by different cultures for various purposes. This is one of the reasons various products may be embraced in different degrees in different nations. For instance, mobile phones in some cultures like in Japan are used more in texting than in calling. Using a cell phone in public is not allowed. The collective needs in Japan are valued than individuals needs. Social harmony is highly valued, and social disturbance is not allowed. However, in Italy and Spain, cell phones are used everywhere, and people can talk on their phones in public. Luddism can be simply be referred to as English working class resistance to the labour-saving machinery introduction. According to Joy, the 21st-century technology like genetic engineering, robotics and nanotechnology are a threat to the endangered species as well as to humans. Joy is thus for Luddism. He, therefore, warns people about it. On the other hand, Ray Kurzweil terms Luddism as an evitable. He questions the regulation of this technology by asking whether the cancer patients should be told that all bioengineered treatment development are cancelled as this same technology will later be harmful. CITATION WIR00 \l 2057 (STAFF, 2000) According to both Ray Kurzweil technology is an inevitable double-edged sword that could be vital and at the same depth, could be dangerous. CITATION Win03 \l 2057 (Winter, 2003). Bill Joy, however, warns against these new self-replicating technologies in the field of robotics, genetics and nanotechnology. Joy foresee the danger that these technologie...

Area 51 Conspiracy Essay - 1907 Words

Why do people believe in conspiracy theories? A conspiracy theory is the belief that some covert but influential organization is responsible for a circumstance or event (Webster Dictionary). Area 51 is one of the most world renown conspiracy theories. The origin of the name â€Å"Area 51† is unclear and has not been found, although many people believe it comes from some kind of nuclear weapon coding. Conspiracies have always captured people because they give many different scenarios to an event that occurred. The conspiracy on Area 51 has been rumored since the early 1960s; there are many witnesses including the military, police, and people who live in Nevada. After looking further into this conspiracy, one can find that there are a lot of†¦show more content†¦After the U-2 many other spy planes and bombs have been developed. Another interest is the Nevada Test Site. This is where all the new equipment is tested, like bombs and military equipment (Chaisson, Np). All t he new techniques and military ideas are more than likely from Area 51. The entire Nevada Test Site goes over 5,200 square miles. It covers 1,600 square miles of contaminated air from radiation caused by testing nuclear bombs (Chaisson, Np). Area 51 is a major sight used for keeping new ideas because of the great location. In the summer of 1947, a strange, round object crashed on a ranch in Roswell, New Mexico. The military came to recover the debris and on July 8, 1947, officer Lt. Walter Haut issued a press release that stated they had recovered a flying saucer. The next day another press release was issued from a general, stating it was a weather balloon. This was the start of rumors and conspiracy theories about UFO visitations and the military covering things up. In the following years, talk of the Roswell Incident fell quiet until the early 1980’s. The military and government officials did not speak about it so that it would not get any more attention. In the 1980s a UFO researcher, Stanton Freidman, came across the story and started to research and look for witnesses. He found Lt. Walter Haut who still lived in Roswell and gave him information about the 1947 press release. His research led toShow MoreRelatedPsychopathy And Social Learning Theory And The Copycat Effect1224 Words   |  5 PagesThe two topics I found interesting are both found in Chapters 4 of Adler, Mueller, and Laufer. The topics that will be discussed in this essay are psychopathy and â€Å"social learning theory and the copycat effect. These two topics have me intrigued to learn more about. In Adler, Mueller, and Laufer it left me questioning why these people commit such crimes and what motives or patterns might be linked to copy others. 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The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 1981 Words

In The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien seems to be a simple story about the items a platoon of soldiers carried while they were in the Vietnam war. But the story actually centers around the conflict, guilt, escape, acceptance, and responsibility of all the platoon soldiers throughout their journey in the Vietnam war. After reading the first story the reader becomes aware of the significance of the title of the book. O’Brien throughout the story uses symbolism by listing all the items that each soldier carried as they struggled through the war. By listing each item, O’Brien highlights the burden that each man carries, not only physically but emotionally as well. Also, by listing particularly each personal items, O’Brien is in some ways†¦show more content†¦They are a good luck charm from his girlfriend back home. Henry claims that the pantyhose bring him good memories. He sleeps with them like a security blanket and they keep him safe. While t he stockings suggest female intimacy, which the soldiers no longer experience, they also suggest mystery. O Brien and the other soldiers are bewildered about the effects the garment has on Henry. They conclude that the stockings are magic. The stockings, thus, convey the mystique of the female sex, which has become increasingly foreign to the men in the platoon. The puppy and baby water buffalo symbolize innocence and purity. In the beginning, O Brien recalls when a fellow soldier, Azar, strapped a puppy to a mine and squeezed the firing device. Azar rejoices in the animal s violent death because it gives him a sense of control over his own circumstances. Later, Rat Kiley shoots a water buffalo to avenge the death of their friend, Curt Lemon. O Brien narrates how the animal is completely helpless against Rat s aggression. This scene reinforces how the soldiers in the platoon have lost their sense of humanity after witnessing the brutal horrors of war. The animals remind the men of their childhood innocence which they can never recover. Mark Fossie’s girlfriend symbolizes everything good about the United State of America. With her pink sweater and culottes, she is the All-American girl. The chapter â€Å"Sweetheart of Song Tra Bong† examines theShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War was a long, exhausting, and traumatic experience for all of the soldiers and those who came with them. The Things They Carried, by Tim O Brien illustrates the different affects the war had on a variety of people: Jacqueline Navarra Rhoads, a former nurse during the Vietnam war, demonstrates these effects within her own memoir in the book, The Forgotten Veterans. Both sources exemplify many tribulations, while sharing a common thread of suffering from mental unpredictability. DesensitizationRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 Pageslove to have it as good as we do. Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried discusses many vete rans who experience the burden of shame and guilt daily due to their heroic actions taken during the Vietnam War. The book shows you how such a war can change a man before, during, and after it’s over.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I reflect on the many conflicts America has been a part of, none can compare to the tragedies that occurred in The Vietnam war. As told in The Things They Carried (O’Brien), characters such as NormanRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme pertains to everyone regardless of their background. It conveys the same ideas to people from all across our society. Lastly, a classic is timeless, which means it has transcended the time in which it was written. In Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, he offers a new, intriguing way to view war or just life in general and also meets all of the crucial requirements mentioned above to qualify it as a book of literary canon. Though this book is technically a war novel, many peopleRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of truth. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1004 Words   |  5 Pages Tim O’Brien is a veteran from of the Vietnam War, and after coming home from his duty he decided to be a writer. His work â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers that are fighting in the Vietnam War. The first pa rt of the story talks mostly about physical items that each soldier carries, and also mentions the weight of the items as well. Though, there is one exception to the list of physical things. Lieutenant Cross is a character of the story, and Tim O’ Brien quickly states theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbut are set in the past and borrows things from that time period. A story that fits this genre of literature is The Things They Carried. The story is about Tim O Brien, a Vietnam veteran from the Unite States, who tells stories about what had happened when he and his team were stationed in Vietnam. He also talks about what he felt about the war when he was drafted and what he tried to do to avoid going to fight in Vietnam. The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien was precise with its portrayal of settingRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien896 Words   |  4 PagesTrouble without a doubt is what First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross c arried around his shoulders because he was out in war, where mistakes happen. Lost and unknown of his surroundings he had to lead his men into safety, while destroying anything they found. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross only holds onto one thing for hope and that is Martha, the woman who he hopes is a virgin to come back to. Tim O’ Brien introduces symbolism by adding a character that has a meaning of purity and a pebble, which symbolizesRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1369 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors use storytelling as a vehicle to convey the immortality of past selves and those who have passed to not only in their piece of literature but in their life as an author. In Tim O’Brien’s work of fiction The Things They Carried, through his final chapter â€Å"The Lives of the Dead,† O Brien conveys that writing is a matter of survival since, the powers of s torytelling can ensure the immortality of all those who were significant in his life. Through their immortality, O’Brien has the abilityRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1407 Words   |  6 Pages       Our introduction stated that in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† author Tim O’Brien tells us not directly of the soldiers of Vietnam, or the situations they find themselves in, but about the things they carry on their shoulders and in their pockets. These â€Å"things† identify the characters and bring them to life.   I find that to be true as the author unfolds the stories about war and the uncommon things one carries in to war both inadvertently and on purpose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  As it was noted: Stories about war –

Analysis Of Key Issues Axel Construction †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Of Key Issues Axel Construction. Answer: Introduction An Information System is the collection of components that process, store, collect, and distribute information to help in organizational decision making and control. In relation to business, this is a system of value-adding processes for disseminating information to be used by management in making decisions that promote performance and profitability.The success of a company in the current dynamic business world is dependent on how quickly they respond to environmental changes (Reichert Weber, 2012). Business Information Systems (BIS) propagate lasting organizational competitive advantages by integrating business processes with Information Technology (IT). This report provides an analysis of key issues relevant to Axel Constructions initiative to enhance and upgrade their IT infrastructure and BIS. Business Process A business process may be defined as the pool of activities that collectively add value to the organization.It is simply what thebusiness undergoes on a daily basis toachieve its goals or objectives. Business processes are wide-spread and usually cover various departments in an organization, or even cross the organizational boundary to include stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, and partners. Organizations can acquire resources they need to re-energize performance, innovate and deliver the value demanded by todays market by prioritizing business processes. Incorporation of information systems into the business processes effectively minimizes the gap between execution of decisions and management intent(Smith Fingar, 2003, p. 1).It is therefore prudent for Axle Construction to understand and improve its business processes. The effectiveness of a businessis analyzedon the basis of their processes. Some organizations even evaluate their processes as a competitive advantage strategy. Incorporation of information systems can improve Axles processes and set the construction company apart while lowering operational costs. Information systems make relevant and useful information readily available to its users. The management team of Axel construction company can obtain updated and comprehensive information necessary to make quick decisions that will help the firm respond to business challenges. A smooth and efficient system with further cut down on unnecessary expenses incurred as a result of misuse, misappropriation, and fragmentation of company information in non-integrated systems. Furthermore, information systems will improve the current processes by providing a monitoring and evaluation platform that will help the management pick out redundant or inefficient aspects. Management Challenges Although information systems pose a lot of advantages and benefits to the growth of organizations, there are some crucial challenges faced by managers especially in Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The first challenge a manager may encounter is to do with the designing and building of the system. With the management being faced with cost and functionality questions, they have to make carefully informed decisions. They need to determine the need and purpose of the system. Once an appropriate information system is in place, the next challenge is to ensure its integration into the business. To establish the system, both the management and employees need training on the functionality of the system. The final challenge lies in cost accountability and maintenance of the information system in a manner that continuously aligns with the organizations objectives(Kautz, Madsen Nrbjerg, 2007, p. 220). Challenges that the management of SMEs facewith regard to Information Systems may alternatively be categorized into investment, strategic decisions, globalization, ethical andsecurity challenges.A basicchallenge encountered while building or operating an information system is related to value addition. Managers have to carry out cost-benefit analyses to determine whether the system is a viable investment idea. This decision should take into account both the long term and short returns on investment. In strategic decision making, the management has to determine the complementary assets required for the information system to function effectively. Likewise, the infrastructure of the information system should be able to accommodate their goals in an environment with rapid technological and market changes. Globalization challenges require the SME to understand and adjust to the world economy. In a digital world, ethics and security are always a challenge to the management of organizations . The management must, therefore, put in place safeguards to prevent loss or leakage of crucial information to competitors. Competitive Advantage It is prudent for organizations to realize that to gain a competitive advantage, they must look into their processes and consider the possibility that their business mechanisms may be outdated and inefficient if the current market. While putting this into consideration, Axle construction should keep up with the level of competition and consider theintegration of updated and relevant information systems such as the ERP system, the CRM system and the EAI systems. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems standardize, integrate and automate business processes to enhance planning and control. A defining characteristic of ERP systems is the consolidated database that gathers all relevant organizational data into one complete system. An ERP system is founded on a database that caters for decision making and operational needs of the organization(Bradford, 2015, p. 2). Employees of Axle construction from different departments such as manufacturing, accounting, purchasing, and sale can access any information they need from the same data source. ERP systems, promise various benefits that may give Axle construction competitive advantages over other market players. The systems can help increase revenue by reducing operational expenses. Thisis achieved through improved customer service and marketing, lower inventory costs, and enhanced revenue generating processes. The single system integration also allows for effective monitoring and evaluating while enabling the management to make quick and informed strategic decisions that put Axle construction ahead of thecompetition. Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRM) are information systems that coordinate business processes revolving around an organizations interaction with customers in marketing services, sales, customer retention, and satisfaction. The system allows users to evaluate or manage customer-focused marketing campaigns through channels such as telephone, direct mail, e-mail, wireless messaging, and social media. With companies depending on technology for day to day activities, the need to unify the separate applications into an integrated set of processes has become a priority. Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)is the activity of consolidating and modernizing the various programs or systems in an organizations information system infrastructure. Linthicum (2000) describes an EAI as an age old process of integrating applications in a firm in a manner that allows them to share processes and information freely. EAI reduces costs and time that would have been lost in disparate applicat ions. Social Media Information System (SMIS) This is an information system through which information and other content are shared in a social network. Axel construction can use social media to form relationships with employees, customers, and partners through productive interactions. SMIS help with organizational strategy by creating a platform through which the company can inform people in the network, influence them and build a conformity to the companys ideals. Presence in social media strengthens relationships, increases the number of target customers and even connect an organisation to partners. SMIS has allowed sales of many companies to appreciate greatly. The system supports sharing of information among the community, users, and social media providers. The first step must be doing appropriate research on the system and the market. This necessary to position Axle using its core competencies and objectives. So as to implement SMIS in Axle, it is important to establish a social relationship between the organization and the target customers. This relationship may be created throughcrowdsourcing or Social CRM. An effective marketing and user engagement policy are the use of stories and repetition. Fruitful interaction will help build a brand image and boost the companys sales and profitability. The final step in theimplementation of a successful SMIS in Axle would be to develop a social media policy for the company. The importance of SMIS in today's digital market is demonstrated by companies such as Bruce Clay and Newpath WEB who have successfully used SMIS to boost their revenues. Conclusion In conclusion, for Axle construction to enhance its collective performance, the company should embark on effective integration of their business processes. In order to achieve this, Axle construction company can leverage some possible information systems in a bid to position itself competitively. Effective implementation of the ERP, CRM, and EAI systems may enhance the competitive advantage of the company. These information systems should be enforced only after careful investigation and consideration onto their compatibility with Axles business processes. In addition to the above Enterprise systems, the company should consider boosting sales through SMIS. References Bradford, M. (2015). Modern ERP. 3rd ed. Morrisville, NC: Lulu, p.1-10. Kautz, K., Madsen, S. and Nrbjerg, J., 2007. Persistent problems and practices in information systems development.Information Systems Journal,17(3), pp.217-239. Linthicum, D.S., 2000.Enterprise application integration. Addison-Wesley Professional. Reichert, M. and Weber, B., 2012.Enabling flexibility in process-aware information systems: challenges, methods, technologies. Springer Science Business Media. Smith, H. and Fingar, P., 2003.Business process management: the third wave(Vol. 1). Tampa: Meghan-Kiffer Press.

SMaL Camera Technologies Essay Example

SMaL Camera Technologies Essay 1. a)   Ã‚  Ã‚   Yes, I believe that SMaL had the right resources to support its innovation.SMaL has tried to size the resources for its innovative ventures according to the complexity and profitability of the initiative. The company has been cautious but within reason because the intention is to build a long-term sustainable company.To do this, the staffing strategy was to keep the organization small but to hire top quality staff to make up a fully utilized top-flight team. However, where necessary, the company has hired more staff.For example, the â€Å"credit card camera† team comprises 35 employees. However, when it made the decision to develop a product for the Security and Surveillance industry, the company hired more staff for this new team.The capital raising strategy has worked very well. The company made the decision to stay small and start off the company by spending within the limits of the funds received from its first investor (Yokogawa Electric).   After get ting a CEO for the company, SMaL secured additional investment from Yokogawa Electric and a Venture Capital company; Stata Venture Partners.   The company has created impressive growth with limited investment.b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SMaL has used the right decision-making and coordination processes to support innovation.The company had succeeded in bringing a disruptive technology to the market and being a commercial success at it. By doing this, it has effectively tackled two out of the three challenges that a startup faces: §Ã‚   Bring first product to market §Ã‚   Be profitable §Ã‚   Bring additional products to market (go for an encore)The company was fully aware of the challenges that a start up faces so it had obviously done it analysis of the business landscape and SWOT analysis. It has based its decision-making on strategic management practices.Also, the management team has a good long-term plan for the company. The next stage is to ramp up annual revenues past $100 million and float an IPO by going public in 2004. In order to do this it has applied its coordination skills to decide on how to get to this next stage.The company had to choose from five alternatives, which were not mutually exclusive.These options are: §Ã‚   Improve on Existing Product §Ã‚   Produce a Product for the Security and Surveillance Industry §Ã‚   Produce a Product for the Automotive Industry §Ã‚   Produce a Product for the Phone Industry §Ã‚   Create another Innovative Imaging ProductThe pros and cons of these alternatives have been reviewed using good decision making processes of reviewing cost and benefit (Cost-Benefit Analysis).c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company has clearly defined values relating to risk, conditions that determine whether to start work on an innovation or to continue working on an innovation.These values are reflected in their go-to-market, finan cing and business model approach. This approach also helps in defining its prospective markets according to the BCG Product/Services Matrix.The company ensures that it has a healthy mix of revenue. That is why it has chosen its target markets as consumer cameras, security and surveillance and automotive industries.The credit camera product is the company’s â€Å"cash cow† (mature business).The automotive products are the â€Å"stars† (good investment opportunities). They provide the best long term bet for the company but may not yield significant revenue until 2005.The company is allocating resources to fund the security and surveillance products (the â€Å"question marks† and likely future stars). These are products/services that are untested in the market but appear to have strong growth potential). The security and surveillance market is a conservative market but it has the potential to produce another disruptive technology.

Best Christmas Quotes

Best Christmas Quotes When Christmas is here, you can hardly contain your excitement. There is so much happening around you that it is impossible to stay isolated from the merrymaking. Presents have to be bought, guests have to be invited to the Christmas party, Christmas tree has to be decorated, and Christmas feast has to be prepared. And you want nothing but the best. Make the most of your Christmas celebrations by enjoying every moment. Here are some of the best Christmas quotes that you have ever read. The reason I think that these are the best Christmas quotes is that they truly convey the joy of Christmas. Enjoy these Christmas quotes and spread the Christmas cheer. Edna Ferber, Roast Beef MediumChristmas isnt a season. Its a feeling.Bess Streeter Aldrich, Song of YearsChristmas Eve was a night of song that wrapped itself about you like a shawl. But it warmed more than your body. It warmed your heart... filled it, too, with melody that would last forever.Lenora Mattingly Weber, ExtensionChristmas is for children. But it is for grownups too. Even if it is a headache, a chore, and nightmare, it is a period of necessary defrosting of chill and hide-bound hearts.Louisa May AlcottThe rooms were very still while the pages were softly turned and the winter sunshine crept in to touch the bright heads and serious faces with a Christmas greeting.Charles N. BarnardThe perfect Christmas tree? All Christmas trees are perfect!Charles Dickens, A Christmas CarolBut I am sure that I have always thought of Christmas time, when it has come round... as a good time; a kind, forgiving, charitable, pleasant time; the only time I know of, in the long calendar of the ye ar, when men and women seem by one consent to open their shut-up hearts freely. W. J. Tucker, Pulpit PreachingFor centuries men have kept an appointment with Christmas. Christmas means fellowship, feasting, giving and receiving, a time of good cheer, home.Mary Ellen ChaseChristmas, children, is not a date. It is a state of mind.Dr. SeussAnd the Grinch, with his Grinch-feet ice cold in the snow, stood puzzling and puzzling, how could it be so? It came without ribbons. It came without tags. It came without packages, boxes or bags. And he puzzled and puzzled till his puzzler was sore. Then the Grinch thought of something he hadnt before. What if Christmas, he thought, doesnt come from a store? What if Christmas, perhaps, means a little bit more?G. K. ChestertonWhen we were children we were grateful to those who filled our stockings at Christmas time. Why are we not grateful to God for filling our stockings with legs?Dale EvansChristmas, my child, is love in action.Andy RooneyOne of the most glorious messes in the world is the mess created in the living room on Chri stmas day. Dont clean it up too quickly.Hugh DownsSomething about an old-fashioned Christmas is hard to forget.Freya StarkChristmas is not an eternal event at all, but a piece of ones home that one carries in ones heart.Marjorie HolmesAt Christmas, all roads lead home.

History Of The World Trade Center Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History Of The World Trade Center - Term Paper Example Architect of the WTC 3. Design of the WTC 4. Construction of the WTC 5. Location of the WTC 6. Technology used in the WTC 7. Main purpose of the WTC 8. The last day in the history of the WTC 1. Situation of New York City in the 1960s. The first plans for the building of a complex for international trade and finance were hatched in the aftermath of World War 2. The New York State Legislature gave permission for a â€Å"vast trade, commercial, hotel and convention facility that would complement the international center of finance that Wall Street had become† (Fernandez, 2012, pp. 5-6). The United States had intervened in Europe and the Far East to contribute substantial economic and military aid to its allies, and this was the last indication in a long list of developments, that the colonial days were over, and America was a strong and stable state, ready to take a lead in world affairs. The United States of America was starting to experience some economic boom years and this he lped to provide the funding for civic developments that had been missing in the years between the wars. Industrialization in America had happened extremely quickly and advances in science and technology were giving American products the edge in world markets. Added to this, there were still streams of well qualified immigrants ready to give the economy an extra boost. There was a property boom in the 1960s which favored large building projects, especially those which undertook to renovate brown field sites and create jobs. New York itself was very crowded, but there was ample opportunity in the former docks areas to tear down old stock and make way for progress. The early 1960s was a period of optimism in the United States, and this helped to foster a climate of enterprise and adventure. In the arts, iconoclastic forms were all the rage, and in architecture the rigid forms of modernism were giving way to more playful postmodern ideas. It was a time of change, and this was exactly th e right moment for a monumental vision like the World Trade Center to finally come to fruition. 2. Architect of the World Trade Center. The man who was chosen to as the main designer of the World Trade Center was architect Minoru Yamasaki. He was born in 1912 to immigrant Japanese parents in the Seattle area where he went to school at Garfield High School. His parents were not wealthy, and he had to work hard to achieve his ambition, studying maths and science and doing well enough to be accepted to study architecture. It is reported that he suffered from some anti-Japanese prejudice, and he even worked in an Alaskan salmon cannery to help fun his studies at Washington University (Flowers, p. 178) Yamasaki’s later career continued with designs in the Seattle area that include the Pacific Science Center, the IBM Building and the Rainier Bank Tower. (Olson, 2012). He also produced internationally renowned designs in other countries too, including Saudi Arabia and Japan. With re spect to his design of the World Trade Center, Yamasaki was conscious of the international dimensions of the building, and the role that the United States plays in the modern world. He is quoted as saying â€Å"World Trade means world peace. The World Trade Center should, because of its importance, become a representation of man’s belief in humanity, his need for individual dignity, his beliefs in the cooperation of men, and through cooperation, his ability to

Financial Markets Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Markets Assignment - Essay Example sk and return of different types of investments, it should be noted that past returns are no guarantee of future performance, especially with respect to expected returns, even over time intervals as long as several decades. However, past returns over very long time horizons can be informative. For instance, a 1987 study by Jones and Wilson indicated that $1 invested in 1870 Would have grown over the next century (by 1985) to $13,264 if invested in U.S. stocks, $340 if invested in U.S. long-term bonds, and $260 if invested in U.S. short-term money market debt (in the meantime, consumer prices had risen so that it took $8.40 to buy what $1.00 bought in 1870). Although equity returns have greatly exceeded debt returns over the entire time interval, bond returns matched those of stocks over time intervals as long as 60 years (e.g., 1872 to 1932). In another study (by Siegel in 1992), it was found that bond returns exceeded those of stock returns over another 50+ year period, from 1802 to 1861, although a dollar invested into stocks in 1802 would have grown in value to $955,000 by 1990 compared to only $5770 for long-term bonds, $2680 for short-term bonds, and $15.80 for gold (it should be mentioned that it took $11.10 in 1990 to buy what $1.00 bought in 1802). Thus, although stocks tend to average higher returns than bonds over the very long term, there is substantial risk of stocks underperforming bonds even over fairly long time horizons. On the other hand, commodity investments like gold tend to be very poor investments over long time horizons (even though they do tend to keep up with inflation) Although the return to real estate was not measured in these studies, most believe that average real estate returns have been close to that for stocks. However, many analysts...The value of any asset is a function of the cash flows expected from the asset. These cash flows can be valued by discounting them at an appropriate interest rate. The appropriate discount rate is the minimum expected return that is required on assets with similar risk (and with other relevant characteristics). Discounting the expected cash flows by the required returns yields a value, which if paid as the price for the asset, would result in an internal rate of return (IRR) equal to the minimum required return. Victor A. Canto and Arthur B. Laffer Theory and common experience postulate that general economic factors impact stock prices in the aggregate. These same factors can have substantially different effects, depending on the size, location, and the industry groups being considered.Over the past decade, research at A. B. Laffer, V. A. Canto & Associates has focused on developing a portfolio strategy that would identify differential performance based on overall economic environment, location, and size.

Domestic Contract on International Laws and Customs Essay Example for Free

Domestic Contract on International Laws and Customs Essay Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary In January 2007, CadMex developed a technique for the quick manufacture of some medical agent. Gentura also developed a technique called ProPrez, which is an anti-diabetic agent. Gentura is located in Candore, which is a dictatorship. CadMex decided to go into business with Gentura that would give them global marketing right to ProPez. The contract needs to have measures in place to protect CadMex interest concerning property rights and potential dispute. There are issues that are involved in resolving legal actions against a foreign business. One issue that is involved is the legal system. When dealing with a case, they may want to finish the case quickly rather than handling it with quality. Doing so may lead to evidence not being analyzed. Another issue may be the different laws between the two countries. Not having any written documents may also be another issue if contracts are done over the phone. Some practical considerations of taking legal action against a foreign business based in another country are whether they have patent law and trademark laws. Factors that could work against CadMex decision to grant sublicensing agreements would be the lack of patent rights and the fact that they did not go through the proper court process in Candore. When local customs and laws conflict with customs and laws of an organization, operating abroad the local law and customs should prevail because that is where the contract was based. The host country should have manufactures rights. For example if the United States and China goes into a contract in regards to Chinese traditional attire and there is a dispute, the Chinese should win because it is a part of their tradition and the United States assumed the risk. The issues in the simulation compares to the issues discussed in week one in terms of law, ethics, and different ways to dispute, as well as litigations. Companies should resolve domestic and international issues differently by honoring domestic and international laws and customs. Before entering into contracts both parties must agree to all the terms and ensure that the country’s legal system support those terms. Domestic contracts should be written and be on an individual basis. International contracts need to be translated if necessary and should include patent laws where possible. References Contemporary Business Law 1. (2011). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu//aapd/vendors/tata/UBAMSims/business_law1/intl_legal_etical/business_law1_intl_legal_ethical_frame.html Melvin, S. P. (2011). The legal environment of business: A managerial approach: Theory to practice. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Abraham Lincoln :: essays research papers

Abraham Lincoln Lincoln, Abraham (1809-65), 16th president of the United States (1861-65), who steered the Union to victory in the American Civil War and abolished slavery. Early Life Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, near Hodgenville, Kentucky, the son of Nancy Hanks and Thomas Lincoln, pioneer farmers. At the age of two he was taken by his parents to nearby Knob Creek and at eight to Spencer County, Indiana. The following year his mother died. In 1819 his father married Sarah Bush Johnston, a kindly widow, who soon gained the boy's affection. Lincoln grew up a tall, gangling youth, who could hold his own in physical contests and also showed great intellectual promise, although he had little formal education. In 1831, after moving with his family to Macon County, Illinois, he struck out on his own, taking cargo on a flatboat to New Orleans, Louisiana. He then returned to Illinois and settled in New Salem, a short-lived community on the Sangamon River, where he split rails and clerked in a store. He gained the respect of his fellow townspeople, including the so-called Clary Grove boys, who had challenged him to physical combat, and was elected captain of his company in the Black Hawk War (1832). Returning from the war, he began an unsuccessful venture in shopkeeping that ended when his partner died. In 1833 he was appointed postmaster but had to supplement his income with surveying and various other jobs. At the same time he began to study law. That he gradually paid off his and his deceased partner's debts firmly established his reputation for honesty. The story of his romance with Ann Rutledge, a local young woman whom he knew briefly before her untimely death, is unsubstantiated. Illinois Politician and Lawyer Defeated in 1832 in a race for the state legislature, Lincoln was elected on the Whig ticket two years later and served in the lower house from 1834 to 1841. He quickly emerged as one of the leaders of the party and was one of the authors of the removal of the capital to Springfield, where he settled in 1837. After his admission to the bar (1836), he entered into successive partnerships with John T. Stuart, Stephen T. Logan, and William Herndon, and soon won recognition as an effective and resourceful attorney. In 1842 Lincoln married Mary Todd, the daughter of a prominent Kentucky banker, and despite her somewhat difficult disposition, the marriage seems to have been reasonably successful. The Lincolns had four children, only one of whom reached adulthood. His birth in a slave state notwithstanding, Lincoln had long opposed slavery.

Advertising: Information or Manipulation Essay

Advertising, also known as a part of the marketing process, has a rich background. When we talk about marketing the first things that come to our mind are high profit, goods and services and of course consumers. Advertising’s role should only exist in order to help society by real information about products and services. Moreover, it helps consumers decide what to purchase according their actual needs. Advertisements are located everywhere and no one can avoid seeing them. Thus, every individual in exposed to seeing at least one advertisement. Advertising is a form of mass communication with the public. It is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade the potential customers to purchase or consume more of a particular brand of product/services. We could separate advertising in two categories. Giving information through advertising about a product is the first category that is innocent when facing the costumers. The second category has a manipulative effect on people. Thus, People exposed to specific advertisements are led to buy goods and services or do things that don’t actually want to do. And in order to attract audiences, some advertisers use different extreme technique that does more damage on the consumer’s life then with helping him. Therefore, we can say that advertising is based on manipulation and thus should be limited because it harmful. To start with, advertising reaches the mind of people and is dangerous when it is not real especially on children and youth. By unreal advertising we mean a shallow advertising that focuses on the desire and wants of people so the firms producing this product achieves sales and high profits. Young children are unable to understand advertising messages and the information given by these advertisements, therefore, children may consider these advertisements as the truth and the real world thus it will affect their behavior. According to the Washington post and their researches, â€Å"Federal regulators should restrict television advertising aimed at children 8 and younger because research shows youngsters lack the skills to question a commercial’s claims as anything but fact, the American Psychological Association said yesterday†. (Washington post article). Moreover, children will be affected by cartoons, kids’ shows†¦ Thus, manipulation is being forced on children by using the popular faces in cartoons like Hannah Montana, Dora†¦ For instance, during my childhood, there was a chocolate commercial for Disney (picture of the product) and the same chocolate bar was next to it. The price range was very apart since the chocolate by Disney was a brand name. And as a Disney fan I cried and begged for the chocolate bar that was by Disney. Thus, we can see here that manipulation in advertising is being implemented through the mind of children and is affecting their behavior.

African Americans Have Been Victims Of Racist And...

African Americans have been victims of racist and discriminatory practices since they were forcibly shipped to America in the 1600s (Chaney Robertson, 2013). Racism is defined as a belief system that justifies the racial and ethnic inequality of minority members. Discrimination is a specific behavior aimed at denying persons of a particular race equal access to societal rewards. These two heinous attitudes and behaviors have been forcibly brought to the attention of the public by the media in scenarios of police brutality and unequal practices toward minority individuals; specifically African American men. Rodney King, Malice Green, Tamir Rice, Michael Brown, Freddie Gray, Eric Garner, and Walter Scott are all African American men that†¦show more content†¦After the verdict LA immediately exploded into violence which took the lives of 60 people and cost the city an estimated one billion dollars in property damage (Sigelman et al., 1997). Most Americans, both black and whit e were surprised about the jury verdict with 92% of blacks and 64% whites indicated on a survey that the officers should have been convicted. Black men are constantly prime targets of white supremacy (Johnson Bryan, 2017). In 2014, Michael Brown was gunned down in the streets of Ferguson, Missouri by a white police officer which quickly sparked protests across the nation (Chernega, 2016). The Governor declared Missouri in a state of emergency in fear of what may happen after the grand jury decided on the fate of Officer Darren Wilson. After over 100 days of trial the jury decided to not convict the officer of murder and there was an immediate response of the public. Activists began using hashtag Black Lives Matter to bring attention to these violent incidents as well as the continual systematic abuse of black members of society by the police. Violence, such as this, against black males are learned though a socially instilled view of race. Society takes cues about how to treat Afric an American men from past and current stereotypes that often misrepresent them (Johnson Bryan, 2017). This vilification of black boys and criminalization of their behavior leads to the unjust killing of black men. It is clear the racismShow MoreRelatedPrivilege And Oppression By Thomas Paine Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagesand Oppression Have a Long History in America Upon turning on the news in America, the media is not reporting stories of wholeness and community, which one would expect upon reading Thomas Paine s passage. It instead is littered with videos of protests and fights, church shootings, riots, racist graffiti, and other hate crimes. Paine has an idealistic view of America, and while Americans have the capacity to join together (as shown following the 9/11 terrorist attacks) we also have struggled throughoutRead MoreThe Endangered And Endangered Species : Diversity1685 Words   |  7 PagesSpecies — Diversity â€Å"Bienvenido, mengalu-alukan, Selamat datang, よ㠁†ã â€œÃ£  , Chà  o má » «ng, æ ¬ ¢Ã¨ ¿Å½Ã¯ ¼Å'Witaj, ÃŽÅ¡ÃŽ ±ÃŽ »ÃÅ½Ãâ€š ÏÅ'Ï ÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'ÃŽ µÃâ€š, Welcome†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dictionary.com) Have you ever entered a public place and found your attention getting caught up in a giant, delicately decorated poster board hanging on the wall that kindly greets you with the word â€Å"Welcome† translated into a myriad of other languages? Have you noticed that more and more educational institutions, especially colleges, are starting to advertise and take pride in their campusesRead MoreRacism And The American Criminal Justice System1584 Words   |  7 PagesToday, African Americans and other minorities are over-represented in the criminal justice system, but under-represented politically in the United States of America. Since well before its inception in 1776, the United States of America has been a nation characterized by white supremacy. In fact, modern day America may not exist if not for the taking of land from the Indigenous Peoples on this very premise. Today, many Americans believe they live in a post-racial nation, citing the abolition ofRead MoreMicroaggressio ns and Racism1729 Words   |  7 PagesYou may not know any bigots, you think â€Å"I don’t hate black people, so I’m not racist†, but you benefit from racism. 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Yet each focusses on the binary between white and black Americans, examining the ways by whichRead More Names and Titles in Gloria Naylors novel, Mommy, What Does Nigger Mean1444 Words   |  6 Pagesthreatening by people outside of the group in question. This ignorance of other people leads to judgments and assumptions, which frequently cloud daily issues. The most ignorant people stoop to name-calling, a painful slap of hatred. Stereotypical, racist, religious, and sexist name calling, especially, can affect the victims views and opinions for life. Most vulnerable to these taunts are children, innocent and uncallused, who hear these names and know neither their true meanings nor the depthRead MoreIs M artin Luther King s Wish Come True?1328 Words   |  6 PagesLuther King’s Wish Come True? With the late 1900’s civil rights movement came many famous protesters and speakers, such as Rosa Parks and Malcolm X. Perhaps the most famous civil rights worker was Martin Luther King Jr., who delivered his famous â€Å"I have a dream† speech in 1963. In his speech, Martin Luther King Jr. mentions a personal dream of his in which â€Å"little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers† (King 1). EventuallyRead MoreRacism Is Something We Have All Witnessed1322 Words   |  6 PagesRacism is something we have all witnessed. Many people believe that race is a way to categorize other humans, but it is typically a stereotyped classification of people with no accurate reasons. In other words, the distinction we make between races has nothing to do with genetic characteristics. Race is not a real difference in people, and was created by how people see and understand ideas, culture, and customs of people we are not used to or don t seem the same as us.. 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The Setting for Williams A Streetcar Named Desire

The setting for A Streetcar Named Desire is a modest, two-room flat in New Orleans. This simple set is viewed by the various characters in sharply contrasting ways—ways that directly reflect the dynamics of the characters. This clash of views speaks to the heart of the plot of this popular play. An Overview of the Setting A Streetcar Named Desire, written by Tennessee Williams is set in the French Quarter of New Orleans. The year is 1947—the same year in which the play was written. All of the action of A Streetcar Named Desire takes place on the first floor of a two-bedroom apartment.The set is designed so that the audience can also see outside and observe characters on the street. Blanches View of New Orleans Theres a classic episode of The Simpsons in which Marge Simpson lands the role of Blanche DuBois in a musical version of A Streetcar Named Desire. During the opening number, the Springfield cast sings: New Orleans!Stinking, rotten, vomiting, vile!New Orleans!Putrid, brackish, maggoty, foul!New Orleans!Crummy, lousy, rancid, and rank! After the show aired, the Simpsons producers received a lot of complaints from Louisiana citizens. They were highly offended by the disparaging lyrics. Of course, the character of Blanche DuBois, the faded Southern belle without a dime, would completely agree with the cruel, satirical lyrics. To her, New Orleans, the setting of A Streetcar Named Desire,  represents the ugliness of reality. To Blanche, the crude people that live on the street called Elysian Fields represent the decline of civilized culture. Blanche, the tragic protagonist of Tennessee Williams play, grew up on a plantation called Belle Reve (a French phrase meaning beautiful dream). Throughout her childhood, Blanche was accustomed to gentility and wealth. As the estates wealth evaporated and her loved ones died off, Blanche held on to fantasies and delusions. Fantasies and delusions, however, are very difficult to cling to in the basic two-room apartment of her sister Stella, and specifically in the company of Stellas domineering and brutal husband, Stanley Kowalski. The Two-Room Flat A Streetcar Named Desire takes place two years after the end of World War II. The entire play is staged in the cramped flat in a particularly low-income area of the French Quarter. Stella, Blanches sister, has left her life at Belle Reve in exchange for the exciting, passionate (and sometimes violent) world that her husband Stanley has to offer. Stanley Kowalski thinks of his small apartment as his kingdom. During the day, he works in a factory. At night he enjoys bowling, playing poker with his buddies, or making love to Stella. He sees Blanche as an intruder to his environment. Blanche occupies the room adjacent to theirs—so close that it impinges on their privacy. Her garments are strewn about the furniture. She adorns lights with paper lanterns to soften their glare. She hopes to soften the light in order to look younger; she also hopes to create a sense of magic and charm within the apartment. However, Stanley does not want her fantasy world to encroach upon his domain. In the play, the tightly-squeezed setting is a key factor in the drama: It provides instant conflict. Art and Cultural Diversity in the French Quarter Williams offers multiple perspectives on the plays setting. In the plays beginning, two minor female characters are chatting. One woman is black, the other white. The ease with which they communicate demonstrates the casual acceptance of diversity in the French Quarter. Williams is presenting here a view of the neighborhood as having a thriving, exuberant atmosphere, one that nurtures an open-minded sense of community. In the low-income world of Stella and Stanley Kowalski, racial segregation appears to be nonexistent, a sharp contrast to the elitist realms of the old South (and Blanche Dubois childhood). As sympathetic, or pathetic, as Blanche may appear throughout the play, she often says intolerant remarks about class, sexuality (in the case of her homosexual husband who was devastated by her negative comments), and ethnicity. In fact, in an ironic moment of dignity (given his brutality in other contexts), Stanley insists that Blanche refer to him as an American (or at least Polish-American) rather than use the derogatory term: Polack. Blanches refined and disappeared world was one of brutal racism and denigration. The beautiful, refined world she longs for never existed. In the present as well, Blanche maintains this blindness. For all of Blanches preaching about poetry and art, she cannot see the beauty of the jazz and blues which permeate her present setting. She is trapped in a so-called refined, yet racist past and Williams, highlighting the contrast to that past, celebrates the uniquely American art form, the music of the blues. He uses it to provide transitions for many of the plays scenes. This music can be seen to represent the change and hope in the new world, but it goes unnoticed to Blanches ears. Belle Reves style of aristocracy has died away and its art and genteel customs are no longer relevant to Kowalskis post-war America. Gender Roles After World War II The war brought innumerable changes to American society. Millions of men traveled overseas to face the Axis powers, while millions of women joined the workforce and the war effort at home. Many women discovered for the first time their independence and tenacity. After the war, most of the men returned to their jobs. Most of the women, often reluctantly, returned to the roles as homemakers. The home itself became the site of a new clash. This post-war tension between the roles of the sexes is another, very subtle thread in the conflict in the play. Stanley wants to dominate his home in the same way males had dominated American society before the war. While the main female characters in Streetcar, Blanche and Stella, are not women who are seeking the socio-economic independence of the workplace, they are women who had money in their youth and, to that degree, were not subservient. This theme is most evident in Stanleys well-known quote from Scene 8: What do you think you are? A pair of queens? Now just remember what Huey Long said—that every mans a king—and Im the King around here, and dont you forget it. Contemporary audiences of Streetcar would have recognized, in Stanley, the male side of what was a new society-wide tension. The modest two-room flat that Blanche disdains is this working mans kingdom and he will rule. Stanleys exaggerated drive for domination indeed extends, at the end of the play, to the most extreme form of domination, rape.

Examples Of Literary Devices In The Merchant Of Venice

Literary devices are frequently used throughout acts four and five of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. Some of the most prominent devices used on TMOF are dramatic irony, allusion and symbolism. These devices help further develop theme ingrained in the story such as marriage, deceive, wealth, and religion. The use of literary devices helps ensure the story transitions smoothly and is pleasant to the reader, it might also help in the comprehension of the story ´s characters. Dramatic Irony is present several times in The Merchant of Venice, for example, in act four scene one when Bassanio remarks that he would give everything up for Antonio, including his wife, Portia disguised as Balthazar responds, â€Å"Your wife would give you little†¦show more content†¦There are several allusions to Greek myths in the conversation between Jessica and Lorenzo in act five scene one. The moon shines bright. In such a night as this, When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees and they did make no noise, in such a night Troilus, methinks, mounted the Trojan walls and sighed his soul toward the Grecian tents where Cressida lay that night, in such a night Stood Dido with a willow in her hand Upon the wild sea-banks, and waft her love To come again to Carthage [†¦] In such a night did Jessica steal from the wealthy Jew, and with an unthrift love did run from Venice.† The tales of Troilus, Thisbe, Dido and Jason are compared to Lorenzo’s and Je ssica’s story. Lorenzo draws comparison between these stories because they all happened in night like the one they are on. This suggests their love and marriage is as epic and memorable as the myths mentioned before. Both these examples of allusion can be linked to the theme of marriage. Marriage is also a symbol throughout the story. There is a plethora of symbols used throughout the story, but perhaps the most evident are marriage and Portia’s ring. While both Bassanio and Jessica seem to love their spouses, it can’t be denied that one of the reasons that both seek marriage was personal gain. The ring given to Bassanio by Portia symbolizes commitment, and when Bassanio gives it away, PortiaShow MoreRelatedThe Merchant Of Venice : Tragedy, Comedy Or Tragicomedy1363 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Silva English 200 13 January 2017 The Merchant of Venice: Tragedy, Comedy or Tragicomedy Can time and historical events affect the categorization of a literary piece? William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is a play that is difficult to classify in a specific genre. It is often referred to as one of his problem plays. This means that it does not easily fall into a single category. Most literary sources categorize The Merchant of Venice as a comedy because it fits the description byRead MoreStylistic Features in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe Story of an Hour Authors of literary work have always employed stylistic devices to pass their message, Kate Chopin was no exception. She employs a number of styles in her book, the story of an Hour. Just like any author she achieves storytelling in a simple and straight forward manner. Some of the stylistic devices she uses are: description, internal monologue, authorial intrusion contrast, figurative expressions, symbolism among others. This paper discusses the use of stylistic featuresRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare Essay examples2198 Words   |  9 PagesThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare was written between 1594-1596.It is classified as a comedy; it is also a work of good triumphs over evil, but serious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved. In the play Shakespeare has woven together plots from different books. Shakespeare gets the bond storyRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 Pagesextent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literary merit. 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Hamlet: heroic character, revenge, indecision, melancholy nature ii. Henry IV—a young man who must grow up to become king, take on his responsibilities iii. Othello—jealousy iv. Merchant of Venice—justice vs. mercy v. King Lear—aging parent, greedy children, a wise fool 7. †¦Or the Bible a. Before the mid 20th century, writers could count onRead MoreThe Elizabethan Er An Important Form Of Entertainment And Occupation For The Elizabethans2132 Words   |  9 PagesINTRODUCTION Elizabethan Era was the time when drama became an important form of entertainment and occupation for the Elizabethans. Shakespeare stands as a colossus in the English literary arena and his plays are considered as the greatest writings. These plays are rich and are suggested works for pursuing women’s studies and gender ideologies. His plays depicted the social status and responsibilities of women in the society. He seemed to support the English renaissance stereotypes of men and womenRead MorePorn and Censorship15240 Words   |  61 Pagesrepresentations of sexual acts (e.g., sexual intercourse, oral sex) and exposed body parts (e.g., the vagina, anus and penis-especially the erect penis). Within the general class of sexually explicit material, there is great variety in content. For example, some sexually explicit material depicts women, and sometimes men, in postures of sexual display (e.g., Playboy centrefolds). Some depicts non-violent sexual acts (both homosexual and heterosexual) between adults who are portrayed as equal and consentingRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesfavorable for certain enterprises (pp.22-24). The author opens the final section with his usual formula to the effect that he is returning to the true subject of his book. Chapter 5 enlarges the discussion of the lunar mansions, by giving thirty-one examples of constellations of a different kind, favorable to the manufacture of talismans. Some of the talismans are described, but no indication is given of how to make them effective, a subject which later occupies a large part of the book (pp.2434). Inserted

Consumer Behaviour-Case Study-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelpc.com

Questions: 1.Visit the website of Innovations (https://www.innovations.com.au/catalogues.aspx) and follow the link to their catalogue. Who do you think is their target market? (The answer to this question may not be as obvious as you first think). 2.Can you find products on the website which are solutions to problems you have encountered? 3.Find and describe an infomercial that is trying to activate problem recognition. Analyse the advertisement in terms of the type of problem and the action that it is suggesting. Also, discuss any changes you would recommend to improve the effectiveness of the advertisement in terms of activating problem recognition. 4.What situational factors are relevant to these infomercials? How effectively have they addressed these factors? Answers: 1.Innovation provides typically predictable and common problem solutions to a wide set of audience. It mainly targets women with its specialised products for home shopping like; beauty, clothing, home, kitchen, fitness, leisure and garden. Its products range from $40 to $999, targeting people from all income groups(Direct Group- Innovations, 2018). It also targets males with its products for clothing, electronics, office, recreation and leisure. There are products for kids including their clothing and crafts. Other than this, they have products for pets and holiday packages. Innovation provides thousands of products for its 2 million plus customers. It targets its audience through its catalogues, though showrooms and online(Direct Group- Innovations, 2018). 2.Finding gifts for friends and family is a task throughout the year, be it birthdays, anniversaries, home coming, Christmas and other holidays. More important is the economic value of the product that we choose. Innovations web page categorises its vast variety of products into clothing, electronics, holidays, home, outdoors and many others. There are various categories available for people of all age groups. Friends can be gifted clothes as well as electronic items. It helps to sort products according to prices, brands and others, depending on the kind of product. This is a hassle free way to shop without having to queue on billing counters, searching in various shops and malls and time efficient. Innovation is accessible, secure and affordable. It also categorises various tours and travelling packages at lowest rates and help plan the holidays in advance. 3.It is important for everyone to have a pure air to breathe. AirQuest NASO Infomercial by TVSN identifies the problem of impurity in the air. It talks particularly about the pollutants in the air we breathe at home and offices. Odours, germs, bacteria, dusts and smoke are the major concerns. The infomercial provides a cost-efficient solution to the problem by a product which can combat the major issues in the air(AirQuest Environmental, Inc., 2018). AirQuest Natural Air-purifier is designed specifically to eliminate some of these common nasty pollutants with ion technology. It can be used in the bedrooms, bathrooms, living areas, laundry rooms and many other places of approximately 50 sq. metres. It can help prevent allergies by cleaning the air. The product is provided to the customers at a reasonable price. The infomercial has a long duration which might persuade the audience to switch to other channels. Instead of one long infomercial, they can have 3-4 infomercials to address the same problem in different ways. One of them can contain only customer reviews for the product. 4.Air contamination has been a serious problem due to industrialisation, urbanisation and modernisation. It affects respiratory organs, eyes, nose and throat. The respiratory problems often lead to diseases and allergies. AirQuest air purifier helps to address the issue and provide a solution to for the same. It ion technology helps to clean the air and prevent diseases and respiratory problems especially in the houses with infants and elderly. The negative air ions help to eliminate air pollutants(Shiweta et al., 2017). Infants and elderly are more prone to respiratory disorders and allergies. The product is small, convenient and portable. It addresses the issue well and provides solution to a very important aspect of our lives, that is, air. It starts with an alarming note and discusses the contaminants present in the air. It also provides the viewers with a customer review and helps people to relate to the situation better and persuade them to buy the product. References: AirQuest Environmental, Inc., 2018. Services. [Online] Available at: https://airquestinc.com/services/ [Accessed 10 March 2018]. Direct Group- Innovations, 2018. Catalogues. [Online] Available at: https://www.innovations.com.au/catalogues.aspx [Accessed 10 March 2018]. Direct Group- Innovations, 2018. Infrastructure- Innovations. [Online] Available at: https://www.directgroup.com.au/directmarketing.aspx [Accessed 10 March 2018]. Shiweta, Naik, N., Rajguru, M. Srivastava, D., 2017. Portable Air Purifier Using Ionization Technique. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 04(03), pp.2448-50.

Mitigation of Stigma and Discrimination †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Mitigation of Stigma and Discrimination. Answer: Introduction This report discusses HIV stigma and discrimination as the subject title of the project proposal. The report is a project proposal that aims at investigating ways in which HIV stigma and discrimination can be minimized among the people with HIV and their loved ones. Stigma and discrimination based on HIV are almost as old as the virus. This is because, stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV began immediately after the virus was discovered in the late 80s and scientists labeled it as a sexually transmitted disease (Morisky, 2016). Unfortunately, despite the advancements that have been made in research to understand the way of transmission management, to develop adequate drugs and to reduce the effects that the virus has in the human body, very little has been achieved in helping to reduce stigma and bring to end discrimination against people living with HIV. People in the society are yet to understand that HIV is a disease like any other and anyone can be a victim irrespective of their gender, race, and their status in the society. Discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS leads to poor quality health care for the patients. It also scares away patients from seeking treatment or help from close family members due to the fear of getting discriminated against. HIV treatment programs are becoming increasingly affordable and available in poor countries. For the programs and the funds invested in this program and medication, it is important that the people in charge of the health facilities and the society in general respect the rights of HIV positive patients (Ullah Huque, n.d). The research proposal is designed to fill the gap identified in dealing with discrimination and stigmatization related to HIV/AIDS. The report also contains an in-depth literature review that is carried out thoroughly using seven secondary sources of information as indicated in the body of the report. The research methodology used in this research is a combination of qualitative research method and quantitative method. This is to fulfill the objectives of the research as required. The HIV/AIDS is an epidemic in Kenya and it has resulted in the loss of many lives over the years. The loss of these life results in loss of livelihoods for many children, men and women. Their close relatives are left as orphans, widows, and widowers. Apart from the physical suffering that the HIV patients undergo, there is a lot of stigmatization and discrimination against people living with the HIV virus. This has entered with the spirited fight against this epidemic since stigmatization and discrimination resulting from the HIV virus has discouraged many people from going for testing and seeking medical help. The fear of discrimination has made many people fail to disclose their true HIV status and this has resulted in increased transmission and hence eroding the efforts that had been made in the past against the HIV epidemic (Jonas Morton, 2012). This study seeks to establish ways in which stigmatization and discrimination resulting from the HIV virus can be reduced. What are the effects of HIV/AIDS stigma on the patient and their families? What are the factors that bring about stigma and discrimination for the people living with HIV? How can stigma and discrimination for HIV patient be reduced? How can access to treatment and care for HIV patients be improved, especially in resource poor countries? The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that bring about discrimination and stigma against the people living with HIV virus in Kenya. This helps to evaluate the steps and actions which need to be taken to reduce discrimination and stigma against the people living with HIV/AIDS. This study is conducted with a variety of objectives. These objectives have been defined by a review of the subject and personal experience where I have identified the need to fill a gap in research on stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV. The research objectives will be a guide to the researcher throughout the research exercise since they will be used as the benchmark upon which the data is collected, and the analysis is done. To identify the factors that lead to discrimination and stigma against the people living with HIV To investigate the level of knowledge that patients have about HIV and how they should live to prolong life to almost normal. To investigate how and to what extend Kenya has been able to achieve the stigmatization and discrimination goals of minimizing HIV stigma and discrimination and promoting an inclusive society. To investigate whether gender is a basis of discrimination for people living with HIV To examine the role that the Government and the society in general can play reducing stigma and discrimination against the people living with HIV. Justification of the study Stigma and discrimination are among the biggest barriers to prevention, treatment, and care for HIV. Previous research has indicated that stigma and discrimination undermine HIV prevention efforts since it makes people fear seeking information about the disease. Fear to seek information on testing and medication has resulted in many people opting against visiting health centers to seek advice and undergo an HIV test. The previous researches have linked the fear of stigma and discrimination to the fear of violence and discouragement management as well as isolation from family members. The fear of isolation by sexual partners if a person is diagnosed with the disease has led to many people being discouraged from seeking medical attention and this has made it difficult to counter the spread of the disease and to treat the patients (Nginya, 2016). HIV is an infection that is feared by many people, especially in Africa. This is because people have limited knowledge about HIV and it has become difficult to make people understand the disease. People usually see an HIV positive person and they see a person who is dying or a person who is not fit to interact with others freely since they have the fear of contracting the disease. The society has many myths and believes about the HIV virus and it has been difficult to make people aware of the different ways the disease can be transmitted. Some people still believe that a hand shake with an HIV positive patient can result in them getting infected too. Other believes sharing of facilities like toilets and plates and spoons can result in contracting the disease. Despite the high number of people in our society who have lived with the disease and the various community education programs to educate people about HIV, the issue of stigmatization and discrimination of HIV patients has hardly been resolved. Due to these unending cases, some of the HIV positive patient may end up believing that what is said about them is true and may lose hope in life and fall into depression. The society thinks that people who are HIV positive is because of immorality and the people end up being outcasts in the society. Some of the reasons why people with HIV in a society are stigmatized is that HIV is a serious life-threatening illness. There is a history of the infection being accompanied by other diseases such as TB and hence bringing about fear among the people in the society (Nginya, 2016). The other reason why people with HIV infection may be stigmatized or discriminated against is that many people do not understand how the virus is transmitted or contracted and they therefore fear getting the infection through social interactions with an HIV positive patient. The patient ends up isolated. Most traditional African societies have very strong views on sexual behavior. People may therefore think that a person engaged in irresponsible sexual behavior and, as a result contracting the disease, should not be allowed in the society. The issue of stigmatization management and discrimination of HIV positive patients has brought about the increase in the spread of the HIV virus. Stigmatization also discourages many people in Kenya from going for testing. Consequently, the sickness is been diagnosed when the virus has brought the body in the final stage and has left the patient completely weak. (Liamputtong, 2013). It is impossible to save the patients at this stage and death within a short period of time is. From the above findings, it is very evident that there is need to come up with ways in which stigma and discrimination against HIV positive people can be reduced in Kenya It is key to find out why people with HIV are stigmatized by their close family members, their communities, or society in general. This study seeks to answer the research questions listed in the report to help fill the gap identified in research. Research methods and methodology This research study uses qualitative research methods to ensure to carry out the research. Qualitative research methods depend on descriptive data to analyze the variables being investigated in this research study. The study will also use the qualitative research method to fill the research questions listed in the research proposal. The qualitative research method is used to uncover trends in thoughts and opinions of the people of Kenya on HIV infected people. The research method will help to understand the beliefs and myths that influence people to stigmatize and to discriminate against people living with HIV. This method is very effective for this study. The descriptive nature of this study allows to capture the different opinions and views of people or communities (Chenneville, 2017). The qualitative research method will also help the researcher to answer the questions on how stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV can be reduced. The research depends on secondary sources of data. The study will be conducted based on literature from recently written and verifiable sources of secondary data. Many books have been written over the years concerning the HIV epidemic in Kenya and other African countries. The studies carried out by authors both in Kenya and other countries where the issue of stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV is common have been evaluated and analyzed to provide secondary data for this study.The study will also be conducted using journal articles that are peer reviewed. This makes the results of the research on which the articles are based credible.. For this research, the internet provides also up to date data on stigmatization and discrimination against HIV positive people. Data collected by various nongovernmental organizations that is available online will be evaluated. Trends in the thoughts and beliefs of people towards people with HIV are established data from the ministry of health Kenya. Those will be also important in conducting this research. The government has spearheaded various campaigns aimed at educating the masses on the HIV virus and how people can live healthy and productive lives despite being infected with the virus (Streck, 2013). The data will help to provide information on the effectiveness of these campaigns and to what extent they have helped to reduce discrimination and stigmatization of the people living with the HIV virus. The analysis of the qualitative data collected will be done by comparing the historical data with the primary data collected in this study. The comparison will be done to establish the achievements in the reduction of stigma and discrimination against people with HIV. The comparison will help to determine the difference between now and then (Macharia, 2015). The data collected will be coded and classified into different classes depending on how similar the data is. A framework for comparison will then be established against which the data collected will be compared and conclusions made from the data. Conceptual Framework HIV/AIDS related stigmatization and discrimination have been mainly influenced by the actions and attitudes of the families, communities and communities where the people are living in. This framework focuses on stigmatization and discrimination as individual aspect and on how individuals behave and act to one another to bring about stigmatization and discrimination (Opiyo et al., 2016) Mostly, stigmatization is viewed as a social process and it is largely associated with the beliefs, traditions and customs of a society. Stigmatization and discrimination are used to create differences and hierarchies in the society. Most societies tend to create a difference between what is viewed as normal and what is not considered normal. They tend to discriminate against the people living with HIV as they see them as less human than others. The society creates a perception where people with HIV are viewed as being immoral and engaging in reckless sexual activities. People in a society tend to view people with HIV as people who bring misfortune to the whole family and the community in general. There has been widespread physical violence directed towards the people living with HIV. Sociological analysis of discrimination is important in this framework since it emphasizes on the structural aspects of discrimination. It also concentrates on trends of dominance and oppression as a group of people struggle for power and equal treatment (Azetsop, 2016). Stigmatization and discrimination of HIV patients are linked to a variety of factors that will form the basis of this conceptual framework for this study. These factors include: Sexuality-stigmatization and discrimination related to HIV/AIDS is mostly associated with sexual stigma. This is because HIV is mainly sexually transmitted, and this has created a perception in the society that every person who gets infected with the virus is sexually immoral. Gender- stigmatization is also related to gender of an individual. The impact of HIV/AIDS stigma has been more profound among women than among men (O'Connor Earnest, 2011). This reinforces pre-existing economic, cultural, and social discrimination and disadvantages that women undergo in the society. The factor of race and ethnicity is established as another factor upon which stigmatization and discrimination related to HIV/AIDS is based. It has been perceived in some quarters that African sexuality is more susceptible to the virus while others believe that the immorality of the people of the west brought the virus to Africa (Omonaiye, 2013) The social class has also been used as a basis of discrimination with some people perceiving the virus as a preserve of the poor people in the society. There is a lot of literature available that on this subject of study. The literature review of this study is obtained from the sources of references listed at the end of the report.The issues of stigmatization and discrimination of the people living with HIV have been going on for a long time. HIV/AIDS related stigmatization and discrimination have tremendous negative effects towards the fight against the HIV epidemic (Odindo Mwanthi, 2008). Stigmatization and discrimination of people with the virus has discouraged people against seeking treatment and further information regarding the HIV virus and ways in which the disease can be managed. The healthcare professionals in charge of testing and treatment of HIV positivepatients, sometimes fail to keep patient information confidential. (Liamputtong, n.d.) This has brought about an issue where very few people are willing to get tested since they fear that people will know about their status and stigmatize them. According to Omonaiye (2013), there are approximately 37 million people worldwide infected with the HIV virus. More than 65% of these people are from sub Saharan Africa. In Kenya, by the year 2017, there were approximately 1.6 million people living with the HIV virus, there are approximately 62,000 new HIV infections each year. The HIV prevalence in Kenya had fallen to 5.9% by the year 2015 (Gitonga, Waithaka John, 2017). The government has been able to make big strides towards reducing HIV prevalence rate and reducing the mortality rate resulting from HIV related illnesses in Kenya. However, despite these strides made in reducing HIV relate deaths, the social problem related to the disease has been increasing (Choi, 2014). One of the biggest challenges faced by the government to reach the people infected with HIV is the stigma that comes with people realizing that someone is suffering from the disease. Stigma sparks secrecy and denial, which are catalysts to transmission of HIV (Co rno de Walque, 2013). The reaction of the society and family towards people with the virus varies depending on various factors such as the level of education of the family members and their understanding of the disease. There are several factors that increase stigma. Such factors include cultural constructions and stereotypes. Most communities in Kenya live a communal life or the societies are closely knit. This means that what affects one person is a concern for the whole community and its difficult to conceal your own life. The closely-knit society can be a positive for HIV patient or a negative. It can be a positive when the community is be able to provide the support and care that a person needs to live longer with the disease (Van, 2013). However, this factor has been a negative for most people in the society that tend to stigmatize and discriminate against the people living with the virus. This is mostly influenced by the beliefs, culture, and traditions of the society. Many people know HIV as a very deadly disease and they fear the people with the disease since they are afraid of getting infected (Van, 2013). This can be attributed to lack of proper education on the HIV/AIDS disease. Stereoty ping is also widespread despite schooling and education, people still have their own assumptions and beliefs on HIV, its effects and how it is transmitted. The stereotypes have brought about unending pain and suffering for people with HIV since they are treated differently in the society (Stangl World Bank, 2010). Access to and the role of antiretroviral therapy has also impacted by the level of stigma and discrimination against HIV/AIDS patients. Access to antiretroviral therapy in Kenya has increased more than 15 times between the year 2005 and the year 2017. However, despite this increase in accessibility, many people are not ready to accept their new condition and prefer to live in denial hence they dont get the much-needed medical care and medication. Even after getting tested, many people are not ready to disclose their status to close family members. A research carried out in Kenya in the year 2015 indicates that of the 72% of people who were found to disclose their status, 23% disclosed it to their parents, 10% of siblings, and 29% of pastors (Y Hong, 2012). The HIV virus is also associated with changes in body such as getting thinner and loss of hair. This means that any person showing those symptoms or body changes risk to be discriminating against. People living with HIV/AIDS have also been discriminated and stigmatized in relation to religious beliefs and practices. Some religions do not allow people living with HIV to attend church or join their congregation (Kapungwe, 2009). Other religions preach against people living with HIV and portray them as immoral and not fit to live in the society. This has catalyzed stigmatization and discrimination for these people. Gender is another factor that is commonly associated with stigmatization. Women living with HIV are more stigmatized and discriminated against compared to men living with the virus (Loue, 2013). There are different ways through which stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV can be reduced. One of these methods is by starting programs to educate the people about the causes of the HIV/AIDS, infection and ways in which its contracted from one person to another. The people in rural areas are very ignorant on matters relating to HIV/AIDS (Connerley Wu, 2016). The customs and beliefs of the people in the society have had a huge impact on the people living with HIV for many of them fear disclosing that they have the diseases and they end up infecting others. The other way through which stigmatization can be reduced is through focus groups. People should be organized in focus groups where they can get educated on how to live with the disease and to resist getting stressed due to discrimination by the society (Mwaura, 2008). Religious groups need to play a role in reducing stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV. Religious leaders nee d to understand the HIV disease and can educate their followers on the importance of caring for people living with the virus and to stop treating them differently (Clement, 2016). Introduction of a school curriculum where HIV lessons can be taught to children from an early age can play an important role in reducing discrimination in the society since the children will grow up understanding that even the people with HIV are normal human beings and they should be taken care of (Bohle, 2013) Conclusion This research project focuses on researching on ways in which stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV in Kenya can be reduced. The report begins with the listing of the problem statement and setting out of goals and objectives of the research study. The research questions are also designed to help guide the researcher in carrying out the real research. The methodology to be used in this study is a qualitative research method and it will depend mostly on secondary data. The report also contains a detailed literature review that reviews the past literature about discrimination and stigmatization resulting from the HIV infection. 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